Which type of motor uses no capacitors or relays?

The shaded pole motor is designed with a simple construction that does not rely on capacitors or relays for its operation. This type of motor uses a unique shading technique to create a rotating magnetic field, which allows it to start and run.

In a shaded pole motor, the stator has a salient pole construction, and a portion of the pole face is shaded by a copper ring. This shading creates a phase shift in the magnetic field, allowing the motor to start without the need for additional components like capacitors or external relays to assist in starting the motor.

This simplicity makes shaded pole motors very effective in small applications such as fans and small appliances, where minimal components and lower costs are desired. The absence of these components contributes to the motor's reliability and ease of use in straightforward applications.